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Ashwagandha - Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is a perennial shrub belonging to the family Solanaceae. Ashwagandha has been used for over 3000 years in traditional Indian Ayurveda for treatment of various neurological, and stress disorders. The root of Ashwagandha (ASH) is regarded as a tonic, aphrodisiac, narcotic, diuretic, anthelmintic, astringent, thermogenic and stimulant. Ashwagandha with other herbal decoctions was recognized to treat Kampavatha (Parkinson’s Disease) since 18th century. With this wide array of ethnopharmacological relevance, Ashwagandha has been recognized as one of the prominent complementary and alternative medicine to treat many neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). There is a prominent increase in the cases of AD and PD all over the world and it demands the requirement of complementary and alternative herbal remedies with no/minimal side effects. Many genetic factors are responsible for the onset and progression of PD. Loss-of-function mutations in the parkin gene are a major cause of early onset of autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP). Drosophila park25 loss of function mutants exhibit significantly increased number of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts and a significantly decreased number of dopaminergic neurons in the adult brain which is the main cause of PD condition. Several studies have demonstrated the ability of Ashwagandha in imparting neuroprotection, improved locomotory ability, memory and learning abilities. The challenge lies in scrutinizing the mechanism and the pathways involved in the neuroprotective properties of this well-known herb. Here in our study, we test the possible neuroprotective effect of Ashwagandha on park25 mutants of Drosophila using lifespan analysis and climbing disability as a disease marker. Parkinson’s mimicking flies were administered with aqueous extraction of Ashwagandha-root mixed with the fly food and subjected to negative geotaxis assay. We observed that there is a prominent increase in the climbing ability in park25 treated flies compared to its age-matched untreated flies. This is the first report showing that, aqueous extraction of Ashwagandha-root extract was able to ameliorate the disease phenotype in the park25 Drosophila Parkinson’s disease model.
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“Life well spent is long”, is well stated by Leonardo Da Vinci. A person's quality of life throughout all of those years of survival, rather than how many years they live, is what defines a long-life span. Superior constitution, great bodily components, excellent soul, adoption of a wholesome diet, and living a healthy lifestyle are the factors of this longevity. The lifespan of the individual should be checked by the doctor before any other aspects such as ailment, season, bio-fire, age, mental agility, homologation, constitution, medication, and location are examined. The attributes of Deerghayu that is long life span, along with Aahara (eating habits) and vihara (routines) to preserve longevity of life with the highest quality, have been outlined by Acharya Charaka after the Namakarana (naming ceremony) and Sushruta in Jatisutriya adhyaya in their description of life span. The present study analyzes the characteristic features of Deerghayu and the maintenance of these characteristics playing an important role in a long and healthy life.
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Resumo O Brasil é um país marcado por forte desigualdade socioeconômica entre as regiões, que, por sua vez, se traduz em diferenciais regionais de mortalidade. Para um bom monitoramento desses diferenciais, é importante uma análise não apenas dos níveis médios de mortalidade, mas também da variação da idade à morte na população. Esse artigo analisa a contribuição das causas de óbito sobre as mudanças na esperança de vida e na dispersão da idade à morte no Brasil e grandes regiões entre 2008 e 2018. Os resultados sugerem aumento dos diferenciais regionais na esperança de vida ao longo da década analisada. No entanto, as diferenças regionais na dispersão da idade à morte se mantiveram praticamente constantes. As mudanças na mortalidade por causa impactam de maneiras diferentes a dispersão da idade à morte em cada região: a redução da mortalidade por causas externas contribui substantivamente para diminuir a variação da idade à morte nas regiões Sul e Sudeste, enquanto a contribuição das mortes por afecções originadas no período perinatal foi substantiva apenas na região Nordeste. Por fim, reafirmamos a importância dos indicadores de dispersão da idade à morte para se ter uma visão mais ampla dos diferenciais regionais de mortalidade no Brasil.
Abstract Brazil is a country marked by substantial socioeconomic inequality among regions, which translates into regional differentials in mortality. For better monitoring these differentials, it is important to analyze not only population average mortality levels, but also the age at death variation. This article analyzes cause-of-death contributions to changes in life expectancy and age-at-death variation in Brazil and its regions between 2008 and 2018. Our results suggest an increase in regional inequalities in life expectancy over the decade. However, regional differences in age-at-death variation remained nearly constant. Changes in mortality by cause impact the age-at-death variation differently in each region: the reduction in mortality from external causes substantially contributed to decreasing the variation in age at death in the South and Southeast regions, whereas the contribution of deaths from conditions originating in the perinatal period was substantive only in the Northeast region. Finally, we reaffirm the importance of age-at-death dispersion indicators to have a broader view of Brazil's regional differentials in mortality.
Resumen Brasil es un país marcado por fuertes desigualdades socioeconómicas entre sus regiones, lo que traduce a su vez se en diferencias regionales en la mortalidad. Para un buen seguimiento de estos diferenciales es importante analizar no solo los niveles medios de mortalidad, sino también la variación de la edad de la muerte en la población. Este artículo analiza la contribución de los grupos de causas de defunción sobre los cambios en la esperanza de vida al nacer y la dispersión de la edad al morir en Brasil y las grandes regiones entre 2008 y 2018. Nuestros resultados sugieren un aumento de las diferencias regionales en la esperanza de vida a lo largo de la década. Sin embargo, las diferencias regionales en la dispersión de la edad al morir se mantuvieron prácticamente constantes. Los cambios en la mortalidad por causas repercuten de forma diferente en la dispersión de la edad al fallecer en cada región: la reducción de la mortalidad por causas externas contribuyó de forma sustantiva a disminuir la variación de la edad al morir en las regiones Sur y Sureste, mientras que la contribución de las muertes por afecciones originadas en el período perinatal fue sustantiva en la región Noreste. Por último, reafirmamos la importancia de los indicadores de dispersión de la edad al morir para tener una visión más general de los diferenciales regionales de mortalidad en Brasil.
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Humans , Child , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Mortality , Cause of Death , Health Transition , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Cardiovascular Diseases , Chronic Disease , Communicable Diseases , Endocrine System DiseasesABSTRACT
Ezetimibe is an approved drug for lowering plasma LDL (low-density lipoprotein) level via inhibition of cholesterol absorption. Derivatives of ezetimibe reduce inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with ezetimibe in response to environmental stressors and found that ezetimibe increases resistance to oxidative stress and ultraviolet irradiation. Ezetimibe also significantly extended lifespan accompanying reduced fertility, which is a common trade-off for longevity in C. elegans. Cellular level of reactive oxygen species was increased and the expression of stress-responsive genes, hsp-16.2 and sod-3, was induced by dietary supplementation with ezetimibe, suggesting a hormetic effect on oxidative stress response and lifespan. Ezetimibe also significantly prevented amyloid beta-induced toxicity and completely reversed increased mortality by high-glucose diet. Nuclear localization of DAF-16 required for the prevention of amyloid beta-induced toxicity was enhanced by ezetimibe supplementation. Lifespan assay using known long-lived mutants, age-1, clk-1, and eat-2, revealed that lifespan extension by ezetimibe specifically overlapped with that of eat-2 mutants, which are genetic models of dietary restriction. Effect of ezetimibe on lifespan of worms fed with diluted bacteria suggested that ezetimibe mimics the effect of dietary restriction on lifespan. These findings suggest that ezetimibe exhibits anti-oxidative and anti-aging effects through hormesis and works as a dietary-restriction mimetic on lifespan extension.
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Stress, Physiological , Caenorhabditis elegans , Diet Therapy , Ezetimibe , LongevityABSTRACT
Magnolol, a hydroquinone containing an allyl side chain, is one of the major active components of magnolia for antioxidation and anti-aging. To enhance the anti-aging activity and improve the intramolecular hydrogen bonding of magnolol, magnolol was reacted with cinnamic acid to obtain 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol by esterification. The anti-aging activity of magnolol 2-O-cinnamate was investigated based on Caenorhabditis elegans model. The results showed that 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol can reduce lipofuscin accumulation in the nematode body, and the effect is better than that of magnolol. 2-O-Cinnamic acid magnolol can extend nematode lifespan, reduce ROS levels in nematodes during normal aging and oxidative stress and improve nematode stress resistance under heat stress and oxidative stress. 2-O-Cinnamic acid magnolol could induce DAF-16 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and upregulate the expression of the sod-3 gene encoding superoxide dismutase in the nematode TJ356 expressing DAF-16 fused with GFP. 2-O-Cinnamic acid magnolol did not improve the survival rate of hsp-16.2 gene deficient nematodes under oxidative stress, indicating that 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol improves stress resistance of nematodes under oxidative stress may be associated with sod-3 and hsp-16.2. Moreover, 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol did not extend the lifespan of daf-16 and age-1 mutants, indicating that age-1 and daf-16 are required for 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol to delay aging. It showed that magnolol 2-O-cinnamic acid has the potential to improve antioxidant capacity and delay aging, and the mechanism may be related to the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway.
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Objective:To investigate the association between reproductive lifespan duration (RLD) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) in a Chinese postmenopausal population.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 11 055 naturally postmenopausal women from seven regions of China from May to December 2011. RLD was divided into four groups. Propensity score matching was performed to reduce bias, and logistic regressions and stratifications were conducted to investigate the association between RLD and increased UACR (≥30 mg/g). Mediation effect analysis was performed to quantify the effect of RLD on cardiovascular disease (CVD) induced by elevated UACR.Results:There were 2 373 participants with a RLD of 18-31 years, 2 888 participants with a RLD of 32-34 years, 2 472 participants with a RLD of 35-36 years, and 3 322 participants with a RLD of 37-50 years. The shortest RLD (18-31 years) group was characterized with older age ( P<0.001), a higher incidence of CVD ( P=0.025), and the highest level of UACR ( P<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, women with a longer RLD (37-50 years group) exhibited a lower risk of UACR elevation compared with those with the shortest RLD (18-31 years group) ( OR=0.72, 95% CI 0.64-0.82, P<0.001). Every 1-year extension in RLD was linked to a 2% reduction in the risk of UACR elevation ( OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99, P<0.001). Stratified analysis revealed a more significant association between RLD and UACR in women who were a normal weight ( P=0.003) or overweight ( P=0.001), in those without CVD history ( P=0.001), and in those with impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate ( P=0.004). The mediation casual analysis showed that 3.0% of proteinuria inducing CVD events was mediated by RLD ( P=0.048). Conclusion:A longer RLD (37-50 years) is associated with a lower UACR in Chinese postmenopausal women.
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A number of research has shown that the plant polyphenol resveratrol,one of the most prominent small molecules,has beneficial protective effects in multiple organisms,including worms,flies,and killifish.To understand the effects of resveratrol on lifespan,we evaluated its effects in the silkworm Bombyx mori.In this study,we found that lifespan was significantly prolonged in both female and male silkworms treated with resveratrol.Silkworm larval weight was significantly increased from day 3 of the 5th larval instar(L5D3) to day 7 of the 5th larval instar (L5D7).However,the weight of the pupa,cocoon,and total cocoon was not significantly different in female silkworms with resveratrol treatment than that in controls.Meanwhile,resveratrol significantly improved the thermotolerance of the silkworms,which enhanced their survival rate.Moreover,antioxidant activity was increased by resveratrol in both female and male silkworms.Furthermore,an antioxidant-related signalling pathway,SIRT7-FoxO-GST,was activated in silkworms with resveratrol treatment.Collectively,these results help us to understand the molecular pathways underlying resveratrol induced pro-longevity effects and indicate that silkworm is a promising animal model for evaluating the effects of lifespan-extending drugs.
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OBJECTIVE@#This study explored the rejuvenation mechanisms of Thai polyherbal medicines using different approaches, including in vitro methods, as well as a well-defined nematode model, Caenorhabditis elegans.@*METHODS@#THP-R-SR012 decoction was selected from 23 polyherbal medicines, based on metal-chelating and chain-breaking antioxidant capacities. The influences of this extract on the survival and some stress biomarkers of C. elegans under paraquat-induced oxidative stress were evaluated. Furthermore, lifespan analysis and levels of lipofuscin accumulation were examined in senescent nematodes. The phytochemical profile of THP-R-SR012 was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Supplementation with THP-R-SR012 decoction significantly increased the mean lifespan and reduced the oxidative damage to C. elegans under oxidative stress conditions. Further, THP-R-SR012 supplementation slightly influenced the lifespan and the level of lipofuscin accumulation during adulthood. Antioxidant-related phytochemical constituents of THP-R-SR012 decoction were rutin, naringenin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, demethoxycurcumin and 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid.@*CONCLUSION@#The antioxidant potential of THP-R-SR012 was due to its scavenging properties, its enhancement of antioxidant-related enzyme activities, and the presence of the antioxidant-related compound. These results support the traditional use of THP-R-SR012 decoction as a tonic for nourishing and strengthening the whole body.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolism , Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Reactive Oxygen Species , Rejuvenation , ThailandABSTRACT
Objective:To establish the framework of physical activity and rehabilitation for the elderly, and systematically review the health and rehabilitation effects of physical activity for the elderly, based on the relevant important documents of World Health Organization (WHO). Methods:The literatures about physical activities and health, quality of life for the older adults were retrieved with subject retrieval method, from the database of CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed and Web of Science, EBSCO, Google Scholar until June 30, 2021. This paper reviewed the rehabilitation effects of physical activities on health, quality of life and well-being of older adults through extracting the literature content. Results:There were five typical physical activities: aerobic activity, muscle and bone development activities, improving balance activities and comprehensive activities. The effect of the elderly participating in physical activities on health and rehabilitation was mainly reflected in the improvement of physical and mental health, social adaptation and activity behavior and nutrition. Health and rehabilitation impacts were mainly reflected in increased healthy life expectancy, improved quality of life and well-being. In terms of improving physical health, it can promote physical fitness, chronic diseases and physical function for the aging people. In terms of improving mental health, cognitive function, mood, personality traits and sleep can be promoted. The elderly participating in physical activities was mainly influenced by both personal and environmental factors. Conclusion:Participation in all physical activity by older adults provides health benefits, promoting healthy ageing, improving physical and mental health, facilitating social adjustment and activity behaviors and nutrition and then increasing healthy lifespan, quality of life and well-being. Physical activity is a health-related service, so scientific and reasonable physical activity of the elderly should be enhanced. It is necessary to combine physical activity with rehabilitation services to promote the health, function, well-being and quality of life of the elderly.
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Microbial cell factories capable of producing valuable chemicals from renewable feedstocks provide a promising alternative towards sustainability. However, environmental stress remarkably affects the performance of microbial cell factories. By extending the chronological lifespan of microbial cells, the performance of microbial cell factories can be greatly improved. Firstly, an evaluation system for chronological lifespan and semi-chronological lifespan was established based on the changes in survival rates. Secondly, the addition of anti-aging drugs such as cysteine, carnosine, aminoguanidine and glucosamine increased the chronological lifespan of E. coli by 80%, 80%, 50% and 120%, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that extending the chronological lifespan of E. coli increased the yield of metabolites produced by E. coli cell factories with endogenous (lactic acid and pyruvic acid) or exogenous (malic acid) metabolic pathway by 30.0%, 25.0%, and 27.0%, respectively. The strategy of extending chronological lifespan of E. coli provides a potential approach for enhancing the performance of microbial cell factories.
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Escherichia coli/genetics , Lactic Acid , Longevity , Metabolic Engineering , Metabolic Networks and PathwaysABSTRACT
【Objective】 To explore the correlation between red blood cell lifespan and adhesion molecules on the surface of red blood cell membrane, in order to establish a method to detect the duration of red blood cell storage. 【Methods】 10 samples(10 mL each) of fresh red blood cell, collectedf rom 10 healthy voluntary blood donors, were divided into 5 age groups (layers) by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The expression of CD47, CD44 and CD147 on the surface of red blood cell membrane in each layer was detected using flow cytometry. The variance of protein expression in each layer of red blood cells was analyzed by SPSS statistical software. 【Results】 The expression levels (%) of 3 adhesion molecules on the surface of red blood cell membranes from young to old were CD47: 14.44±2.61, 9.30±1.75, 7.84±1.49, 6.54±1.32 and 5.53±1.12 (P<0.01); CD44: 25.01±1.94, 19.22±1.52, 17.10±1.28, 15.18±1.11 and 13.56±1.08 (P<0.01); CD147: 33.46±1.99, 28.31±2.95, 23.83±1.59, 20.40±1.56 and 18.03±1.65 (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 The expression levels of CD47, CD44 and CD147 on the surface of red blood cell membranes have showed a downward trend as the storage extended. These three protein adhesion molecules have showed a correlation with red blood cells lifespan, and could be used as detection markers of cell age.
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Introducción: La inactividad física constituye uno de los principales factores de riesgo de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial y son causa fundamental de las enfermedades no transmisibles. En cambio, la actividad física regular durante el curso de la vida proporciona beneficios para la salud física y mental. No obstante, aun resultan insuficientes las acciones intersectoriales que potencien alianzas estratégicas, en aras de evidenciar el rol de la actividad física como componente del estilo de vida saludable. Objetivo: Identificar la responsabilidad social del Centro de Estudio para la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Promoción de la Salud, en la formación de capacidades para la producción, la transferencia, la diseminación y la aplicación de conocimientos en el contexto de la actividad física para la salud. Desarrollo: La inactividad física, por su estrecha relación comórbida con la obesidad y el sobrepeso, la diabetes, la hipertensión, la hipercolesterolemia, entre otras, da al traste con los principales problemas de salud durante el curso de la vida, lo cual reclama de un enfoque sistémico, integrador e intersectorial, así como de la formación de recursos humanos competentes para ello. Conclusiones: El Centro de Estudios para la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Promoción de Salud evidencia su pertinencia académica e investigativa, al devenir en un actor clave en la producción, la distribución y el uso del conocimiento sobre la actividad física para la salud, y articular las necesidades del contexto social y el proyecto universitario, alineados con las prioridades nacionalmente establecidas(AU)
Introduction: Physical inactivity is one of the main risk factors for morbidity and mortality worldwide and its fundamental cause is non-communicable diseases. In contrast, regular physical activity during the span of life provides physical and mental health benefits. However, there are still insufficient intersector actions for strengthening strategic alliances, in view of demonstrating the role of physical activity as a component of the healthy lifestyle. Objective: To identify the social responsibility of the University of Physical Culture and Sports Sciences, particularly its Center for Studies on Physical Activity, Sports and Health Promotion, in the formation of capacities for knowledge production, transfer, dissemination and application in the context of physical activity for health. Development: Physical inactivity, due to its close comorbid relationship with obesity and overweight, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, among others, disrupts into the main health problems during the lifespan, which demands a systemic, integrative and intersector approach, as well as the training of competent human resources for it. Conclusions: The Center for Studies on Physical Activity, Sports and Health Promotion proves its academic and research relevance, insofar as it becomes a key stakeholder in the production, distribution and use of knowledge about physical activity for health, and articulates the needs of the social context and the university project, aligned with nationally established priorities(AU)
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Humans , Exercise , Overweight , Sedentary Behavior , Healthy Lifestyle , Health Promotion , ObesityABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the toxic effects of three types of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs): 20 and 50 nm uncoated nanosilver (AgNPs-20 and AgNPs-50) and 20 nm polyvinylpyrrolidone coated nanosilver (AgNPs-PVP-20) to Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans). Methods: Wild type C. elegans were exposed to 1% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (vehicle group) and AgNPs-20, AgNPs-50, AgNPs-PVP-20 (1,10 and 100 mg·L-1) for 48 h, respectively. The survival, head thrash and body bend frequency of the nematodes were recorded. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in nematodes were detected by DCFH-DA fluorescence probe, TBA method and colorimetry, respectively. Results: Compared with vehicle group, the survival rate of nematodes was decreased in each dose group of AgNPs-PVP-20,10 and 100 mg·L-1groups of AgNPs-50 and AgNPs-20 (P<0.01). The relative mean lifespan of nematodes in each dose group of AgNPs-PVP-20 was significantly decreased (P<0.01), while that of AgNPs-20, AgNPs-50 (10 and 100 mg·L-1) was decreased (P<0.05). The frequency of head thrashes in 10 and 100 mg·L-1of the three AgNPs groups was decreased (P<0.05), and the frequency of body bends in each dose group of AgNPs-PVP-20 was significantly reduced (P<0.01). The body bends in 100 mg·L-1groups of AgNPs-20 and AgNPs-50 were decreased (P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of ROS in the three AgNPs groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the content of MDA was increased and the content of GSH decreased (P<0.05) in AgNPs-PVP-20 (10 and 100 mg·L-1) groups. There was no significant difference in MDA or GSH contents between AgNPs-50 and control groups. Conclusion: The relative mean lifespan of nematodes, the head thrash frequency and body bend frequency of nematodes were decreased to different extents with the increasing dose in each of the AgNPs groups, whereas the oxidative stress level of nematodes was increased unexpectedly in all the test samples. The toxic effect of AgNPs-PVP-20 is the strongest, followed by AgNPs-20 and AgNPs-50.
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Objective@#To detect the red blood cell lifespan in patients with polycythemia vera (PV), and explore the influencing factors.@*Methods@#From February 2017 to December 2018, 27 patients with PV at Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and 18 normal controls were recruited. Red blood cell lifespan was detected by endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) breath test. The related factors were analyzed.@*Results@#The average red blood cell lifespan of 27 PV patients was 80 (range, 35-120) days (d), which was significantly shorter than that of the normal controls [110.5(69-166) d, P<0.05], namely 35.3 d shorter. The red blood cell lifespan of ten newly diagnosed patients and 17 patients who were treated with hydroxyurea and/or interferon were 98 (35-117) d and 69 (45-120) d, respectively, which were both shorter than that of the normal control (P=0.010, 0.000). Correlation analysis showed that red blood cell lifespan of patients with newly diagnosed PV was associated with JAK2 mutation allele burden (r=0.900, P=0.037), peripheral blood lymphocyte count (r=-0.742, P=0.014) and the level of serum vitamin B12 (r=-0.821, P=0.023).@*Conclusion@#The lifespan of red blood cells in patients with PV is about one-third shorter than normal, and is related to JAK2 mutation allele burden, absolute lymphocyte count, and serum vitamin B12 level.
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Objective To detect the red blood cell lifespan in patients with polycythemia vera (PV), and explore the influencing factors. Methods From February 2017 to December 2018, 27 patients with PV at Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and 18 normal controls were recruited. Red blood cell lifespan was detected by endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) breath test. The related factors were analyzed. Results The average red blood cell lifespan of 27 PV patients was 80 (range, 35-120) days (d), which was significantly shorter than that of the normal controls [110.5(69-166) d, P<0.05], namely 35.3 d shorter. The red blood cell lifespan of ten newly diagnosed patients and 17 patients who were treated with hydroxyurea and/or interferon were 98 (35-117) d and 69 (45-120) d, respectively, which were both shorter than that of the normal control (P=0.010, 0.000). Correlation analysis showed that red blood cell lifespan of patients with newly diagnosed PV was associated with JAK2 mutation allele burden (r=0.900, P=0.037), peripheral blood lymphocyte count (r=-0.742, P=0.014) and the level of serum vitamin B12 (r=-0.821, P=0.023). Conclusion The lifespan of red blood cells in patients with PV is about one?third shorter than normal, and is related to JAK2 mutation allele burden, absolute lymphocyte count, and serum vitamin B12 level.
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Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is habitually ingested by people in the Amazon region and is a key ingredient in various energy drinks consumed worldwide. Extension in longevity and low prevalence of chronic age-related diseases have been associated to habitual intake of guarana. Anti-aging potential of guarana was also demonstrated in Caenorhabditis elegans; however, the mechanisms involved in its effects are not clear. Herein, we investigated the putative pathways that regulate the effects of guarana ethanolic extract (GEE) on lifespan using C. elegans. The major known longevity pathways were analyzed through mutant worms and RT-qPCR assay (DAF-2, DAF-16, SKN-1, SIR-2.1, HSF-1). The possible involvement of purinergic signaling was also investigated. This study demonstrated that GEE acts through antioxidant activity, DAF-16, HSF-1, and SKN-1 pathways, and human adenosine receptor ortholog (ADOR-1) to extend lifespan. GEE also downregulated skn-1, daf-16, sir-2.1 and hsp-16.2 in 9-day-old C. elegans, which might reflect less need to activate these protective genes due to direct antioxidant effects. Our results contribute to the comprehension of guarana effects in vivo, which might be helpful to prevent or treat aging-associated disorders, and also suggest purinergic signaling as a plausible therapeutic target for longevity studies.
Subject(s)
Animals , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Caenorhabditis elegans/drug effects , Paullinia/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Time Factors , Aging/drug effects , Caenorhabditis elegans/physiology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Longevity/drug effects , Antioxidants/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the toxic effects of different concentrations of Coptidis Rhizoma extract on Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods Coptidis Rhizoma was extracted by water, and then selected some indicators to evaluate the toxic effects of Coptidis Rhizoma by using C. elegans as model organism. The effects of different concentrations of water extracts of Coptidis Rhizoma on lethality, maximum lifespan and median lethal time, individual development, spawning number and locomotion behavior were measured to evaluate the toxic effects on C. elegans. Results Compared with the control group, the lethality of C. elegans was significantly increased by water extracts of Coptidis Rhizoma at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 mg/mL (P < 0.01), and maximum lifespan and median lethal time were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). In the aspect of individual development, Coptidis Rhizoma extract at 1.0 and 2.5 mg/mL significantly inhibited the growth of C. elegans (P < 0.01). Three concentration extracts could significantly reduce the number of spawning in a certain dose-dependent manner in the aspect of reproductive behavior (P < 0.001), and the head swing frequency of C. elegans (P < 0.01) in the aspect of locomotion behavior, respectively. There was no significant difference in body bending frequency between the 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL exposed group, of which the lowest bending frequency was 2.5 mg/mL exposed group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the frequency of forward swing, backward swing and Omega/U swing of three exposed groups. Conclusion The water extracts of Coptidis Rhizoma had obvious toxic effects on C. elegans, which provided the basis for the biological evaluation of the toxicity of different processed products of Coptidis Rhizoma by using C. elegans as a model organism, and provided new ideas and methods for the biological assessment of toxicity of Chinese medicinal materials.
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Objective To investigate the anti-aging effects and the changes of endogenous metabolites in Caenorhabditis elegans by using astragaloside IV (AS-IV). Methods Nematodes tissue were collected from control group, age group and AS-IV group to analyze the metabolic profile changes among different groups by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Results Using 1H-NMR metabonomics and multivariate statistical analysis methods, the changes in the levels of endogenous metabolites in the model group C. elegans were obtained, including eight increasing amino acids isoleucine, leucine, valine, glutamate, glutamine, succinate, taurine and threonine and decreasing compound glucose, compared with the control group. AS-IV (5 μmol/L) can significantly regulate all of them. Conclusion AS-IV can regulate amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism to anti-aging. The metabonomic approach is an effective tool for the investigation of the pharmacologic mechanism of AS-IV and it is helpful for further research.
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OBJECTIVE: The free radical theory of aging suggests that cellular oxidative damage caused by free radicals is a leading cause of aging. In the present study, we examined the effects of a well-known anti-oxidant amino acid derivative, selenocysteine, in response to environmental stress and aging using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system. METHOD: The response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 or ultraviolet irradiation was compared between the untreated control and selenocysteine-treated groups. The effect of selenocysteine on lifespan and fertility was then determined. To examine the effect of selenocysteine on muscle aging, we monitored the change in motility with aging in both the untreated control and selenocysteine-treated groups. RESULTS: Dietary supplementation with selenocysteine significantly increased resistance to oxidative stress. Survival after ultraviolet irradiation was also increased by supplementation with selenocysteine. Treatment with selenocysteine confers a longevity phenotype without an accompanying reduction in fertility, which is frequently observed in lifespan-extending interventions as a trade-off in C. elegans. In addition, the age-related decline in motility was significantly delayed by supplementation of selenocysteine. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of selenocysteine can modulate response to stressors and lead to lifespan extension, thus supporting the free radical theory of aging.
Subject(s)
Animals , Aging/drug effects , Selenocysteine/pharmacology , Caenorhabditis elegans/drug effects , Caenorhabditis elegans/physiology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Reproduction/drug effects , Stress, Physiological/drug effects , Time Factors , Reproducibility of Results , Age Factors , Caenorhabditis elegans/radiation effects , Fertility/drug effects , Locomotion/drug effects , Longevity/drug effectsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To study the lifespan effect of ethyl acetate extract from Polygonum multiflora(EPM)on caenorhab-ditis elegans,and to investigate its anti-aging effect. METHODS:EPM low-concentration,medium-concentration and high- concen-tration groups(25,37.5,50 mg/L,calculated by crude drug)and blank group(0 mg/L)were established to investigate the effects of EPM on the lifespan of caenorhabditis elegans. EPM group(37.5 mg/L)and blank group(0 mg/L)were established to perform re-productive test,acute heat stress test and acute oxidative stress test of caenorhabditis elegans. The effects of EPM on reproductive capacity and pressure stress of caenorhabditis elegans were investigated. RESULTS:The lifespan test,average lifespan of cae-norhabditis elegans in EPM low-concentration,medium-concentration and high-concentration groups were prolonged significantly, compared to blank group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),especially in EPM medium-concentration group. In reproductive test,the number of offspring of caenorhabditis elegans in EPM group on the second and third day were increased significantly,compared to blank group (P<0.05). In acute heat stress test and acute oxidative stress test,average survival time of caenorhabditis elegans in EPM group was prolonged significantly(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:37.5 mg/L EPM can retard the aging process of caenorhabditis ele-gans and doesn’t damage the reproductive capacity.